The life of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
RA No. 1425 prescribes the teaching of the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal for all school, colleges and universities.
Students and teachers, in the past years, have relied on books and periodicals from the library to do their studies on Rizal. The advent of Information Technology, however, facilitated the acquisition and sharing of ideas among peoples of varied persuasions throughout the globe. Survey results show that more and more students are using the Internet to do research work. This Jose Rizal website is, therefore, designed, and created to assist students in the appreciation of the role of Rizal in the development of the Filipino nation. The web contains very comprehensive materials on and by Rizal in both the English and Filipino languages. Further more, it is offered for free to everyone. The endorsement of the web by the Commission on Higher Education helped increase the number of visitors. This web continues to acquire and update information about Rizal in order to be of better service to the users.
This website is self-sustaining, non-profit, and non-partisan, and everyone is invited to visit and link with our website.
José Rizal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
José Rizal (full name: José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896), was a Filipino polymath, nationalist and the most prominent advocate for reforms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era and its eventual independence from Spain. He is considered a national hero and the anniversary of Rizal's death is commemorated as a Philippine holiday called Rizal Day. Rizal's 1896 military trial and execution made him a martyr of the Philippine Revolution.
The seventh of eleven children born to a middle class family in the town of Calamba, Laguna, Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and then traveled alone to Madrid, Spain where he studied medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He attended the University of Paris and earned a second doctorate at the the University of Heidelberg. Rizal was a polyglot conversant in at least ten languages.[1][2][3][4] He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.[5] These are social commentaries on the Philippines that formed the nucleus of literature that inspired dissent among peaceful reformists and spurred the militancy of armed revolutionaries against 333 years of Spanish rule.
As a political figure, Rizal was the founder of La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that subsequently gave birth to the Katipunan[6] led by Bonifacio and Aguinaldo. He was a proponent of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than by violent revolution. The general consensus among Rizal scholars, however, attributed his martyred death as the catalyst that precipitated the Philippine Revolution.
Family
José Rizal's parents were Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo, prosperous farmers who were granted lease of a hacienda and an accompanying rice farm by the Dominicans. He was the seventh child of their eleven children (namely, Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josephina, Trinidad and Soledad.)
Rizal was a 5th-generation patrilineal descendant of Domingo Lam-co (Chinese: 柯仪南; Pinyin: Ke Yinan), a Chinese immigrant entrepreneur who sailed to the Philippines from Jinjiang, Quanzhou in the mid-17th century.[7] Lam-co married Inez de la Rosa, a Sangley native of Luzon. To free his descendants from the anti-Chinese animosity of the Spanish authorities, Lam-co changed the family surname to the Spanish surname "Mercado" (market) to indicate their Chinese merchant roots. Their original application was for the name "Ricial", apropos their main occupation of farming, which was arbitrarily denied. The name "Rizal" (originally Ricial, the green of young growth or green fields), was adopted by Jose to enable him to travel freely as the Mercados had gained notoriety by their son's intellectual prominence. From early childhood Rizal was already advancing unheard-of political ideas of freedom and individual rights which infuriated the authorities.[8]
Rizal, 11 years old
Aside from indigenous Filipino and Chinese ancestry, recent genealogical research has found that José had traces of Spanish, and Japanese ancestry. His maternal great-great-grandfather (Teodora's great-grandfather) was Eugenio Ursua, a descendant of Japanese settlers, who married a Filipina named Benigna (surname unknown). These two gave birth to Regina Ursua who married a Sangley mestizo from Pangasinán named Atty. Manuel de Quintos, Teodora's grandfather. Their daughter Brígida de Quintos married a Spanish mestizo named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo, the father of Teodora. Austin Craig mentions Lacandula, Rajah of Tondo at the time of the Spanish incursion, also as an ancestor.
Education
Rizal first studied under the tutelage of Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Biñan, Laguna. He was sent to Manila and upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal, changed his name to "Rizal" to escape the opprobrium of the name "Mercado". His brother Paciano had been linked to the Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora who had been tried as subversives and sentenced to death by garrote. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1877 and graduated as one of the nine students declared sobresaliente or outstanding. He continued his education at the Ateneo Municipal to obtain a land surveyor and assessor's degree, and at the same time at the University of Santo Tomas where he studied Philosophy and Letters. Upon learning that his mother was going blind, he decided to study medicine specializing in ophthalmology at the University of Santo Tomas but did not complete it because he felt that Filipinos were being discriminated against by the Dominicans who were operating the school.[9]
Without his parents' knowledge and consent, but secretly supported by his brother Paciano, he traveled alone to Madrid in May 1882 and studied medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid where he earned the degree, Licentiate in Medicine. His education continued at the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg where he earned a second doctorate. In Berlin, he was inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society and the Berlin Anthropological Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist Rudolf Virchow. Following custom, he delivered an address in German in April 1887 before the anthropological society on the orthography and structure of the Tagalog language. He left Heidelberg a poem, "A las flores del Heidelberg," which was both an evocation and a prayer for the welfare of his native land and the unification of common values between East and West.
Rizal's multifacetedness was described by his German friend, Dr. Adolf Meyer, as "stupendous."[10][11] Documented studies show him to be a polymath with the ability to master various skills and subjects.[1][2][12] He was an ophthalmologist, sculptor, painter, educator, farmer, historian, inventor, playwright and journalist. Besides poetry and creative writing, he dabbled, with varying degrees of expertise, in architecture, cartography, economics, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, dramatics, martial arts, fencing and pistol shooting. He was a Freemason.[13]
Travels
He who knows the surface of the earth and the topography of a country only through the examination of maps..is like a man who learns the opera of Meyerbeer or Rossini by reading only reviews in the newspapers. The brush of landscape artists Lorrain, Ruysdael, or Calame can reproduce on canvas the sun's ray, the coolness of the heavens, the green of the fields, the majesty of the mountains...but what can never be stolen from Nature is that vivid impression that she alone can and knows how to impart--the music of the birds, the movement of the trees, the aroma peculiar to the place--the inexplicable something the traveller feels that cannot be defined and which seems to awaken in him distant memories of happy days, sorrows and joys gone by, never to return.--Rizal, "Los Viajes" [14]
Rizal's life is one of the most documented of the 19th century due to the vast and extensive records written by and about him.[15] Most everything in his short life is recorded somewhere, being himself a regular diarist and prolific letter writer, much of these materials having survived. His biographers, however, have faced the difficulty of translating his writings because of Rizal's habit of switching from one language to another. They drew largely from his travel diaries with their insights of a young Asian encountering the west for the first time. They included his later trips, home and back again to Europe through Japan and the United States, and, finally, through his self-imposed exile in Hong Kong. This period of his education and his frenetic pursuit of life included his recorded affections. Among them were Gertrude Becket of Chalcot Crescent (London), wealthy and high-minded Nelly Boustead of the English and Iberian merchant family, last descendant of a noble Japanese family Usui Seiko, his earlier friendship with Segunda Katigbak and eight-year romantic relationship with his cousin, Leonor Rivera.
His European friends kept almost everything he gave them, including doodlings on pieces of paper. In the home of a Spanish liberal, Pedro Ortiga y Perez, he left an impression that was to be remembered by his daughter, Consuelo. In her diary, she wrote of a day Rizal spent there and regaled them with his wit, social graces, and sleight-of-hand tricks. In London, during his research on Morga's writings, he became a regular guest in the home of Dr. Reinhold Rost of the British Museum who referred to him as "a gem of a man."[16][15] The family of Karl Ullmer, pastor of Wilhelmsfeld, and the Blumentritts saved even buttonholes and napkins with sketches and notes. They were ultimately bequeathed to the Rizal family to form a treasure-trove of memorabilia.
Writings
José Rizal's most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These writings angered both the Spaniards and the hispanicized Filipinos due to their insulting symbolism. They are highly critical of Spanish friars and the atrocities committed in the name of the Church. Rizal's first critic was Ferdinand Blumentritt, a Sudetan-German professor and historian whose first reaction was of misgiving. Blumentritt was the grandson of the Imperial Treasurer at Vienna and a staunch defender of the Catholic faith. This did not dissuade him however from writing the preface of El Filibusterismo after he had translated Noli me Tangere into German. Noli was published in Berlin (1887) and Fili in Ghent (1891) with funds borrowed largely from Rizal's friends. As Blumentritt had warned, these led to Rizal's prosecution as the inciter of revolution and eventually, to a military trial and execution. The intended consequence of teaching the natives where they stood brought about an adverse reaction, as the Philippine Revolution of 1896 took off virulently thereafter. As a leader of the reform movement of Filipino students in Spain, he contributed essays, allegories, poems, and editorials to the Spanish newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona. The core of his writings centers on liberal and progressive ideas of individual rights and freedom; specifically, rights for the Filipino people. He shared the same sentiments with members of the movement: that the Philippines is battling, in Rizal's own words, "a double-faced Goliath"--corrupt friars and bad government. His commentaries reiterate the following agenda:[17]
- That the Philippines be a province of Spain
- Representation in the Cortes
- Filipino priests instead of Spanish friars--Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans--in parishes and remote sitios
- Freedom of assembly and speech
- Equal rights before the law (for both Filipino and Spanish plaintiffs)
The colonial authorities in the Philippines did not favor these reforms even if they were more openly endorsed by Spanish intellectuals like Morayta, Unamuno, Margall and others.
Upon his return to Manila in 1892, he formed a civic movement called La Liga Filipina. The league advocated these moderate social reforms through legal means, but was disbanded by the governor. At that time, he had already been declared an enemy of the state by the Spanish authorities because of the publication of his novels.
Persecutions
Wenceslao Retana, a political commentator in Spain, had slighted Rizal by a reference to his parents and promptly apologized after being challenged to a duel. Aware that Rizal was a better swordsman, he issued an apology, became an admirer, and wrote Rizal's first European biography.[18] Memory as a ten-year old of his mother's treatment at the hands of the civil authorities, with the approval of the church authorities, hurt so much as to explain his reaction to Retana. The incident stemmed from an accusation that Rizal's mother, Teodora, tried to poison the wife of a cousin when she claimed she only intervened to help. Without a hearing she was ordered to prison in Santa Cruz in 1871, and made to walk the ten miles from Calamba. She was released after two and a half years of appeals to the highest court.[1]
After writing Noli me Tangere, among the numerous other poems, plays and tracts he had already written, he gained further notoriety with the Spaniards. Against the advice of relatives and friends, he came back to the Philippines to aid his family which was in dispute with the Dominican landlords. In 1887, he wrote a petition on behalf of the tenants of Calamba and later that year led them to speak out against friar attempts to raise rent. They initiated a litigation which resulted in the Dominicans evicting them from their homes, including the Rizal family. Eventually, General Valeriano Weyler had the buildings on the farm torn down.
In 1896 while Rizal was in prison in Fort Santiago, his brother Paciano was tortured by Spaniards trying to extract evidence of Jose's complicity in the revolution. Two officers took turns applying pins under Paciano's fingernails; with his hands bound behind him and raised several feet, he was dropped repeatedly until he lost consciousness.[1]
Exile in Dapitan
Rizal was implicated in the activities of the nascent rebellion and in July 1892, was deported to Dapitan in the province of Zamboanga. There he built a school, a hospital and a water supply system, and taught and engaged in farming and horticulture. Abaca, then the vital raw material for cordage and which Rizal and his students planted in the thousands, was a memorial.
The boys' school, in which they learned English, considered a prescient if weird option then, was conceived by Rizal and antedated Gordonstoun with its aims of inculcating resourcefulness and self sufficiency in young men. They would later enjoy successful lives as farmers and honest government officials. One, a Muslim, became a datu, and another, Jose Aseniero, who was with Rizal throughout the life of the school, became Governor of Zamboanga.
In Dapitan, the Jesuits mounted a great effort to secure his return to the fold led by Father Sanchez, his former professor, who failed in his mission. The task was resumed by Father Pastells, a prominent member of the Order. In his letter to Pastells, Rizal sails close to the ecumenism familiar to us today.[19]
"We are entirely in accord in admitting the existence of God. How can I doubt his when I am convinced of mine. Whoso recognizes the effect recognizes the cause. To doubt God is to doubt one's own conscience, and in consequence, it would be to doubt everything; and then what is life for? Now then, my faith in God, if the result of a ratiocination may be called faith, is blind, blind in the sense of knowing nothing. I neither believe nor disbelieve the qualities which many attribute to him; before theologians' and philosophers' definitions and lucubrations of this ineffable and inscrutable being I find myself smiling. Faced with the conviction of seing myself confronting the supreme Problem, which confused voices seek to explain to me, I cannot but reply: 'It could be; but the God that I foreknow is far more grand, far more good: Plus Supra!...I believe in (revelation); but not in revelation or revelations which each religion or religions claim to possess. Examining them impartially, comparing them and scrutinizing them, one cannot avoid discerning the human 'fingernail' and the stamp of the time in which they were written... No, let us not make God in our image, poor inhabitants that we are of a distant planet lost in infinite space. However, brilliant and sublime our intelligence may be, it is scarcely more than a small spark which shines and in an instant is extinguished, and it alone can give us no idea of that blaze, that conflagration, that ocean of light. I believe in revelation, but in that living revelation which surrounds us on every side, in that voice, mighty, eternal, unceasing, incorruptible, clear, distinct, universal as is the being from whom it proceeds, in that revelation which speaks to us and penetrates us from the moment we are born until we die. What books can better reveal to us the goodness of God, his love, his providence, his eternity, his glory, his wisdom? 'The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth his handiwork'."[15]
As a gift to his mother on her birth anniversary he wrote the other of his poems of maturity, "Mi Retiro," with a description of a calm night overlaid with a million stars. The poem, with its concept of a spontaneous creation and speaking of God as Plus Supra, is considered his accommodation of evolution.
...the breeze idly cools, the firmament glows, the waves tell in sighs to the docile wind
timeless stories beneath the shroud of night.
Say that they tell of the world, the first dawnof the sun, the first kiss that his bosom inflamed,
when thousands of beings surged out of nothing, and peopled the depths, and to the heights mounted,to wherever his fecund kiss was implanted. [20]
His best friend, Blumentritt, kept him in touch with European friends and fellow-scientists who wrote a stream of letters which arrived in Dutch, French, German and English and which baffled the censors, delaying their transmittal. Those four years of his exile coincided with the development of the Philippine Revolution from inception and to its final breakout, which, from the viewpoint of the court which was to try him, suggested his complicity in it.[15] He condemned the uprising, although all the members of the Katipunan made him honorary president and used his name as a war-cry.
Near the end of his exile he met and courted the step-daughter of a patient, an Irishwoman named Josephine Bracken. He was unable to obtain an ecclesiastical marriage because he would not return to the religion of his youth and was not known to be clearly against revolution. He nonetheless considered Josephine to be his wife and the only person mentioned in the poem, Farewell, sweet stranger, my friend, my joy...[21]
Last days
Main article: Philippine Revolution
By 1896, the rebellion fomented by the Katipunan, a militant secret society, had become a full blown revolution, proving to be a nationwide uprising and leading to the proclamation of the first democratic republic in Asia. To dissociate himself, Rizal volunteered and was given leave by the Spanish Governor General Ramon Blanco to serve in Cuba to minister to victims of yellow fever. Blanco later was to present his sash and sword to the Rizal family as an apology.
Before he left Dapitan, he issued a manifesto disavowing the revolution and declaring that the education of Filipinos and their achievement of a national identity were prerequisites to freedom. Rizal was arrested en route, imprisoned in Barcelona, and sent back to Manila to stand trial. He was implicated in the revolution through his association with members of the Katipunan and was to be tried before a court-martial for rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy. During the entire passage, he was unchained, no Spaniard laid a hand on him, and had many opportunities to escape but refused to do so. Rizal was convicted on all three charges and sentenced to death. Governor General Blanco, who was sympathetic to Rizal, had been forced out of office, and the friars had intercalated Polavieja in his stead, sealing Rizal's fate.
His poem, undated and believed to be written on the day before his execution, was hidden in an alcohol stove and later handed to his family with his few remaining possessions, including the final letters and his last bequests. Within hearing of the Spanish guards he reminded his sisters in English, "There is something inside it," referring to the alcohol stove given by the Pardo de Taveras which was to be returned after his execution, thereby emphasizing the importance of the poem. This instruction was followed by another, "Look in my shoes," in which another item was secreted. Exhumation of his remains in August, 1898, under American rule, revealed he had been uncoffined, his burial not on sanctified ground granted the 'confessed' faithful, and whatever was in his shoes had disintegrated.[1]
In his letter to his family he wrote: "Treat our aged parents as you would wish to be treated...Love them greatly in memory of me...30 December, 1896."[15]
In his final letter, to the Sudeten-German professor Ferdinand Blumentritt - Tomorrow at 7, I shall be shot; but I am innocent of the crime of rebellion...[15] He had to reassure him that he had not turned revolutionary as he once considered being, and that he shared his ideals to the very end. He also bequeathed a book personally bound by him in Dapitan to his 'best and dearest friend.' When Blumentritt received it he broke down and wept.
Execution
Moments before his execution by a firing squad of Filipino native infantry, backed by an insurance force of Spanish troops, the Spanish surgeon general requested to take his pulse; it was normal. Aware of this, the Spanish sergeant in charge of the backup force hushed his men to silence when they began raising 'vivas!' with the partisan crowd. His last words were "consummatum est",--it is finished.[22][2][23]
He was secretly buried in Paco Cemetery in Manila with no identification on his grave. His sister Narcisa toured all possible gravesites and found freshly turned earth at the cemetery with civil guards posted at the gate. Assuming this could be the most likely spot, there being no other recent ground burials, she made a gift to the guards to mark the site "RPJ."
A national monument
Main article: Rizal Park
A statue now stands at the place where he fell, designed by the Swiss Richard Kissling of the famed William Tell sculpture.[24] The statue carries the inscription I want to show to those who deprive people the right to love of country, that when we know how to sacrifice ourselves for our duties and convictions, death does not matter if one dies for those one loves - for his country and for others dear to him.[15]
Aftermath
'Retraction' controversy
That his burial was not on holy ground led to issues raised on the veracity of accounts of his 'retraction,' which the Church ever since has been vigorously defending. Many continue to believe that Rizal neither married his sweetheart Josephine Bracken in Roman Catholic rites hours before his execution nor ever retracted those parts of his writings that were anti-Roman Catholic.[25][26]
Those who deny the retraction point out to a revealing clue tucked in 'Adios', I go where there are no slaves, no hangmen or oppressors, where faith does not kill...[27] Whether this stanza was his final comment on the Catholic Church is a subject of dispute. In most of his writings Rizal maintained that the men of the cloth were the real rulers and the real government. Much of the Church's case rests on claims of a signed retraction, a copy of which could not be produced and shown to the Rizal family despite their repeated requests.
"Mi último adiós"
Main article: Mi Ultimo Adios
The poem is more aptly titled, "Adios, Patria Adorada" (literally "Farewell, Beloved Country"). By virtue of logic and literary tradition, the words come from the first line of the poem itself. It first appeared in print not in Manila but in Hong Kong in 1897, when a copy of the poem and an accompanying photograph came to J. P. Braga who decided to publish it in a monthly journal he edited. There was a delay when Braga, who greatly admired Rizal, wanted a good job of the photograph and sent it to be engraved in London, a process taking well over two months. It finally appeared under 'Mi último pensamiento,' a title he supplied and by which it was known for a few years. Thus, when the Jesuit Father Balaguer's anonymous account of the retraction and the marriage to Josephine was appearing in Barcelona, no word of the poem's existence reached him in time to revise what he had written. His account was too elaborate that Rizal would have had no time to write "Adiós."
Six years after his death, when the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 was being debated in the United States Congress, Representative Henry Cooper of Wisconsin, after a speech, rendered an English translation of Rizal's valedictory poem capped by the peroration, "Under what clime or what skies has tyranny claimed a nobler victim?"[28]. The Americans, however, would not sign the bill into law until 1916 and did not grant full autonomy until 1946--fifty years after Rizal's death.
Josephine
Josephine Bracken promptly joined the revolutionary forces in Cavite province, making her way through thicket and mud, and helped operate a reloading jig for Mauser cartridges at the arsenal at Imus. The short-lived arsenal under the Revolutionary General Pantaleon Garcia had been reloading spent cartridges again and again and the reloading jig was in continuous use, but Imus was under threat of recapture that the operation had to move, with Josephine, to Maragondon, the mountain redoubt in Cavite. She witnessed the Tejeros Convention prior to returning to Manila and was summoned by the Governor-General but owing to her stepfather's American citizenship, she could not be forcibly deported. She left voluntarily, returning to Hong Kong. She later married another Filipino, Vicente Abad, a mestizo acting as agent for the Philippine firm of Tabacalera. She died in Hong Kong in 1902, a pauper's death, buried in an unknown grave, and never knew how a line of verse had rendered her immortal.[29]
Polavieja faced condemnation by his countrymen. Years after his return to Spain, while visiting Giron in Cataluña, circulars were distributed among the crowd bearing Rizal's last verses, his portrait, and the charge that to Polavieja was due the loss of the Philippines to Spain.
Criticism
Attempts to debunk legends surrounding Rizal, and the tug of war between free thinker and Catholic, have served to keep him a living issue. While some leaders, Gandhi for one, have been elevated to high pedestals and even deified, Rizal has remained a controversial figure. Some have succeeded in depicting his fallibility, such as the case of the numerous women in his life. In one recorded fall from grace, he had succumbed to temptation by a "lady of the camellias" in Austria, leading to a presumption that he had patronized "ladies of the night".[30][31]
Others present him as a man of contradictions. Miguel de Unamuno in "Rizal: the Tagalog Hamlet", said of him, "a soul that dreads the revolution although deep down desires it. He pivots between fear and hope, between faith and despair."[32] His critics assert this character flaw is translated into his two novels where he opposes violence in Noli and appears to advocate it in Fili, contrasting Ibarra's idealism to Simoun's cynicism. His defenders insist this ambivalence is trounced when Simoun is struck down in the sequel's final chapters, reaffirming the author's resolute stance, Pure and spotless must the victim be if the sacrifice is to be acceptable.[33] In the same tenor, Rizal condemned the uprising when Bonifacio asked for his support. Bonifacio, in turn, openly denounced him as a coward for his refusal.[34] Rizal believed that an armed struggle for independence was premature and ill-conceived. Here Rizal is speaking through Father Florentino: ...our liberty will (not) be secured at the sword's point...we must secure it by making ourselves worthy of it. And when a people reaches that height God will provide a weapon, the idols will be shattered, tyranny will crumble like a house of cards and liberty will shine out like the first dawn.[33]
Rizal never held a gun or sword in the battlefield to fight for freedom. This fact leads some to question his ranking as the nation's premier hero, with a few who believe in the beatification of Bonifacio in his stead. In his defense, the historian, Rafael Palma, contends that the revolution of Bonifacio is a consequence wrought by the writings of Rizal and that although the sword of Bonifacio produced an immediate outcome, the pen of Rizal generated a more lasting achievement.[35]
Legacy
Rizal's advocacy of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than by violent revolution makes him Asia's first modern non-violent proponent of political reforms. Forerunner of Gandhi and contemporary of Tagore and Sun Yat Sen, all four created a new climate of thought throughout Asia, leading to the attrition of colonialism and the emergence of new Asiatic nations by the end of World War II. Rizal's appearance on the scene came at a time when European colonial power had been growing and spreading, mostly motivated by trade, some for the purpose of bringing Western forms of government and education to peoples regarded as backward. Coinciding with the appearance of those other leaders, Rizal from an early age had been enunciating in poems, tracts and plays, ideas all his own of modern nationhood as a practical possibility in Asia. In the Noli he stated that if European civilization had nothing better to offer, colonialism in Asia was doomed.[36] Such was recognized by Gandhi who regarded him as a forerunner in the cause of freedom. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his prison letters to his daughter Indira, acknowledged Rizal's significant contributions in the Asian freedom movement. These leaders regarded these contributions as keystones and acknowledged Rizal's role in the movement as foundation layer.
Rizal, through his reading of Morga and other western historians, knew of the genial image of Spain's early relations with his people[37]. In his writings, he showed the disparity between the early colonialists and those of his day, with the latter's atrocities giving rise to Gomburza and the Philippine Revolution of 1896. His biographer, Austin Coates, and writer, Benedict Anderson, believe that Rizal gave the Philippine revolution a genuinely national character; and that Rizal's patriotism and his standing as one of Asia's first intellectuals have inspired others of the importance of a national identity to nation-building.[22][38]
Although his field of action lay in politics, Rizal's real interests lay in the arts and sciences, in literature and in his profession as an ophthalmologist. Shortly after his death, the Anthropological Society of Berlin met to honor him with a reading of a German translation of his farewell poem and Dr. Rudolf Virchow delivering the eulogy.[39].
The Taft Commission in June 1901 approved Act 137 renaming the District of Morong into the Province of Rizal, and Act 346 authorizing a government subscription for the erection of a national monument in Rizal's honor. Republic Act 1425 was passed in 1956 by the Philippine legislature that would include in all high school and college curricula a course in the study of his life, works and writings. The wide acceptance of Rizal is partly evidenced by the countless towns, streets, and numerous parks in the Philippines named in his honor, and monuments in such unlikely places as Madrid, Spain,[40] Wilhelmsfeld, Germany,[41] Jinjiang, Fujian, China,[42] Chicago,[43], San Diego,[44], and Seattle, U.S.A.;[45] and many poetic titles bestowed on him: "Pride of the Malay Race," "the First Filipino", "Greatest Man of the Brown Race," among others. The Order of the Knights of Rizal, a civic and patriotic organization, boasts of dozens of chapters all over the globe[19][20]. There are some remote-area religious sects who claim him as a sublimation of Christ.
References
- ^ a b c d e Austin Craig, Lineage, Life and Labors of Rizal (Manila: Philippine Education Co., 1913). He was conversant in Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, German, Portuguese, Italian, English, Dutch and Japanese. Rizal also made translations from Arabic, Swedish, Russian, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. He translated the poetry of Schiller into his native Tagalog. In addition he had at least some knowledge of Malay, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Subanun.(Read etext at Project Gutenberg:[1]accessed 10 January 2007)
- ^ a b c Frank Laubach, Rizal: Man and Martyr (Manila: Community Publishers, 1936)
- ^ Rizal's annotations of Morga's Sucesos de las islas Filipinas (1609), which he copied word for word from the British Museum and had published, called attention to an antiquated book, a testimony to the well-advanced civilization in the Philippines during pre-Spanish era. In his essay "The Indolence of the Filipino" Rizal stated that three centuries of Spanish rule did not do much for the advancement of his countryman; in fact there was a 'retrogression', and the Spanish colonialists have transformed him into a 'half-way brute.' The absence of moral stimulus, the lack of material inducement, the demoralization--'the indio should not be separated from his carabao', the endless wars, the lack of a national sentiment, the Chinese piracy--all these factors, according to Rizal, helped the colonial rulers succeed in placing the indio 'on a level with the beast'. (read English translation by Charles Derbyshire at [2] accessed 10 January. 2007.
- ^ In his essay, "Reflections of a Filipino," (La Solidaridad, c.1888), he wrote: "Man is multiplied by the number of languages he possesses and speaks.'
- ^ His signature book Noli was one of the first novels in Asia written outside Japan and China and was one of the first novels of anti-colonial rebellion. Noli me Tangere, translated by Soledad Locsin (Manila: Ateneo de Manila, 1996) ISBN 9715691889. Read Benedict Anderson's commentary: [3]. Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ Bonifacio was a member of La Liga Filipina. After Rizal's arrest and exile, it was disbanded and the group splintered into two factions; the more radical group formed into the Katipunan, the militant arm of the insurrection.[4].Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ Rizal's rags-to-riches ancestor from South China. Retrieved 18 February 2007
- ^ At age 8 (in 1869) he wrote his first poem Sa aking mga Kabata and had for its theme the love of one's native language [5]. Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ [6]. Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ [7] Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ Adolf Bernard Meyer (1840-1911) was a German ornithologist and anthropologist, and author of the book Philippinen-typen (Dresden, 1888)
- ^ [8]. Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/the_builder_1916_august.htm. Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ Jose Rizal, "Los Viajes", in La Solidaridad (c.1888)
- ^ a b c d e f g Epistolario Rizalino: 4 volumes, 1400 letters to and from Rizal, edited by Teodoro Kalaw (Manila: Bureau of Printing,1930-38)
- ^ Dr. Reinhold Rost was the head of the India Office at the British Museum and a renowned 19th-century philologist.
- ^ In his letter "Manifesto to Certain Filipinos" (Manila, 1896), he states: Reforms, if they are to bear fruit, must come from above; for reforms that come from below are upheavals both violent and transitory.(Epistolario Rizalino, op cit)
- ^ Wenceslao Retana Vida y Escritos del Jose Rizal (Madrid: Libreria General de Victoriano Suarez, 1907). According to Laubach it was Retana more than any other who 'saved Rizal for posterity' (Laubach, op.cit., p. 383)
- ^ Raul J. Bonoan, S.J., The Rizal-Pastells Correspondence (Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1996)
- ^ "Mi Retiro", stanzas 7 and 8 (Craig, op.cit., p. 207)
- ^ Mi Ultimo Adios, stanza 14. (See original Spanish text at Project Gutenberg.[9])
- ^ a b Austin Coates, Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr (London: Oxford University Press, 1968) ISBN 019581519X
- ^ Rizal's trial was regarded a travesty even by prominent Spaniards of his day. Soon after his execution, the philosopher Miguel de Unamuno in an impassioned utterance recognized Rizal as a "Spaniard", "...profoundly and intimately Spanish, far more Spanish than those wretched men--forgive them, Lord, for they knew not what they did--those wretched men, who over his still warm body hurled like an insult heavenward that blasphemous cry, 'Viva Espana!'"Miguel de Unamuno, epilogue to Wenceslao Retana's Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jose Rizal (Retana, op. cit.)
- ^ Interestingly, Rizal himself translated Schiller's William Tell into Tagalog in 1886.[10] Accessed 10 January 2007.
- ^ Jesus Cavanna, Rizal's Unfading Glory: A Documentary History of the Conversion of Dr. Jose Rizal (Manila: 1956)
- ^ Ricardo Roque Pascual, Jose Rizal Beyond the Grave (Manila: P. Ayuda & Co., 1962)
- ^ Mi Ultimo Adios, stanza 13
- ^ Esteban de Ocampo, "Why is Rizal the Greatest Filipino Hero?" accessed 10 January 2007
- ^ Mi Ultimo Adios, stanza 14
- ^ These are obvious euphemisms. The writer, Maximo Viola, a friend of Rizal's, was alluding to Dumas's 1848 novel, La dame aux camelias, about a man who fell in love with a courtesan. While the affair was on record, there was no account in Viola's letter whether it was more than a one-night event and if it was more of a business transaction than an amorous affair
- ^ Ambeth Ocampo, Rizal without the Overcoat (Manila: Anvil Publishing Co., 1990) ISBN 9712700437. Rizal's third novel Makamisa was rescued from oblivion by Ocampo. See also 12 (Accessed 10 January 2007), and [13] (Accessed 10 January 2007).
- ^ Miguel de Unamuno, "The Tagalog Hamlet" in Rizal: Contrary Essays, edited by D. Feria and P. Daroy (Manila: National Book Store, 1968).
- ^ a b Jose Rizal, El Filibusterismo (Ghent: 1891) chap.39, translated by Andrea Tablan and Salud Enriquez (Manila: Marian Publishing House, 2001) ISBN 9716861540. (read online text at Project Gutenberg[14])
- ^ Bonifacio denounced him, at the same time, he mobilized his men to attempt to liberate Rizal while in Ft. Santiago (Laubach, op.cit., chap. 15)
- ^ Rafael Palma, Pride of the Malay Race (New York: Prentice Hall, 1949) p. 367.
- ^ Also stated in his essay, "The Philippines: A Century Hence": The batteries are gradually becoming charged and if the prudence of the government does not provide an outlet for the currents that are accumulating, someday the sparks will be generated. (read etext at Project Gutenberg[15])
- ^ Jose Rizal, "Indolence of the Filipino" (read online English translation at Project Gutenberg [16]) Accessed 10 January 2007
- ^ According to Anderson, Rizal is one of the best exemplars of nationalist thinking. Benedict Anderson, Under Three Flags: anarchism and the anti colonial imagination (London: Verso Publication, 2005)ISBN 1844670376. (See also [17])
- ^ Dr. Virchow's obituary on Rizal, 1897[18]
- ^ http://www.artehistoria.com/tienda/banco/cuadros/20647.htm Accessed 10 January 2007
- ^ http://www.geocities.com/ufreytag/page5.html Accessed 10 January 2007
- ^ http://www.inq7.net/globalnation/sec_new/2003/feb/01-05.htm
- ^ http://www.Knightsofrizal.org/content/ Accessed 10 January 2007
- ^ http://byronik.com/ed010303.html Accessed 13 February 2007
- ^ http://www.cityofseattle.net/Seattle/parks/parkspaces/joserizal.htm Accessed 10 January 2007
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internet is very helpful to all students researchinng their projects.and giving them accest to their researchwork...in a very easy way
love it!
love it!
love it!
wow. . .
it's nice that there's a web like this..it helps me alot in my research..
post more info..thnx..
nice
i love it...a good source to find my project wenk..heheheheeh
Like it.. sa wakas mei projecrt na aq!!!!
tenkyu pow!!!! ;)
WHOA...NICE!
luppet
thnx for this knowledge.but im not yet statisfied because i was searching for background about the brother and sisters of gat jose rizal, anyway, it was really helpfull.thnx!
puta daw na ngayawa ini nga website puro la kalurongan it mamaram...han iya erroy....
nice
wow!!!!! AMAZING
i love you
i love you
because of these i know who is doctor Jose Rizal
8z nice
8z nice
8z nice
i want your reaction about his life
cool love all the info but need more info bout his job or work did it help his movement or not?
sana meron kaung visual ng rizal's life,work, and writings pra mbasa q on d net,wla aq pmbili libro e yung author c gregorio zaide,tnx hope you can help me!tnx!
sana meron kaung visual ng rizal's life,work, and writings pra mbasa q on d net,wla aq pmbili libro e yung author c gregorio zaide,tnx hope you can help me!tnx!
sana naman medjo iniklihan niyo,. ang dami kc eh,. pakisummarize nalang,. ung mga important matters,.
Do you want to join RIZALINIAN groups in friendster?just go to these site!http://www.friendster.com/group/tabmain.php?gid=14 click join,.please? pra dumami pa mga members..you can post Topic there about Rizal,.Thanks u so much!^_^
excellent, very essential,good web
ok lang... i need more info. para sa argumentative essay ko!
meron na akong reference kung may ipapagawa sa amin tungkol kay rizal. thank you sa website na ito.
magayon.....
thnks........,heheheh may home work na me........,
yay me have homework na!
sana my summarizad na ng life ni rizal kylangan qoh ng birth and family, childhood ni rizal, rizal in ateneo, the arest of dona theodora rizal in ust, the gomburza institution, the 1st travel abroad and madrid student pls...asap!!!!!!!
Hmmm...good work!keep Up the good work
Hmmm...good work!keep Up the good work
SOO nice story!!!!!!!
its hepls me alot..tanx
pls include the love story of Jose Rizal
i just need it for my play..
next time sana pra sa iba..
but anyway thanks a lot kasi medyo complete na..
pls include the love story of Jose Rizal
i just need it for my play..
next time sana pra sa iba..
but anyway thanks a lot kasi medyo complete na..
thanks for the info, although it was a bit incomplete
pls try to add more like what "cheche mentioned"
i RULE!!!!!
nice may assign na q thnX ^_^..!
Sana po sa susunod ay mailathala nyo rin ang nangyari sa buhay nina Josephine Bracken(asawa ni Dr.Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda) at Adolf Hitler(iletihimong anak nila) nung namatay na si Dr.Jose Rizal.
Salamat po",)
ang panget.. . english kase.. .
shet...
muka kaung tanga
i love rizal
nice & interisting how rizal achive those kind of works...................................heheheheheheheheheh
it helpz me doing my courz requiremntz.. tnx 4 da info., i've learned a lot...
Thanks for the info. It is very useful to my studies.
nyek.. eh u can just visit wikipedia.com for those info nman.. it's way easy there..
wala ung hinahanap ko...,
i love it ^^love ko si pizal...ahaha!!!
wahahaha...jowk lng....
i love it ^^love ko si pizal...ahaha!!!
wahahaha...jowk lng....
ang cute!!
life of rizal was so meaningful,rizal sacrifice his life to save us under the spaniard,thats why we must proud that rizal is our national hero!
hay naku! ang haba ng susulatin ko ass. ko ito! ang haba ng life ni DR.Jose Rizal!
AUS!!!!
ang haba nman nito....kpgud kya
nakakatuwa!! galeng
nice =)
na kakaiyak
wow````````````````//////////sobrang ganda story ni jose rizal pero ang haba ng susulatin ko hahaha``````/.,!
jjhg
fghg
l
l
l
l
bkt gnun ang pangit ng pgkagawa ng short film making nyo ang dming pang kelangan idevelop... taga
bkt gnun ang pangit ng pgkagawa ng short film making nyo ang dming pang kelangan idevelop...
kinopya lng ata to sa wikipedia.org hahaha
wala naman yung about hinahanap kong topic ei...
maganda pa yung book ni capino keysa dito...
hoy trojanx....kung di mo mahanap ung topic mo search mo PINOY STUDENTS CORNER..hope it can help you....
woi, mag lagay nmn kau ng reason kung bkit d ntin kaylangan i-study ang life ni rizal
wakokokokoko
i think this site is trullly help to my study and other student. thank you very much. To posting information about rizal life ^^
now i know what happen to rizal he is the good man he made alot to our country and i want to be like rizal. I really really learn alot what happen to him i want to be rizal save our country .thn cuz i have now a assignment to my teacher!!!!!!!!!!hehehehheheheheheheheheh I LOVE RIZAL
hi! kimberly" ahehehe"
hi! kimberly" ahehehe"
quality hero k nga talaga
amff nmn!! wlang tglog!! ttransl8 ku p 2loii!! asar tlga!!!
ang haba naman ng story ng life mo.Ang haba rin ng susulatin ko!!!
ang haba naman ng story ng life mo.Ang haba rin ng susulatin ko!!!
ang haba naman ng story ng life mo.Ang haba rin ng susulatin ko!!!
,"sa wakas may project na ako.....
,"hahahaha.........................................
HaAy!! mY rEpOrt N dN aQu!!
wow ang dami ko pong nalaman ...........ang galing how nice naman ..hahahhehehe....
need txtm8:09159136698\09289915167
.un mai ans. nah qoh zah h.w qoh.??
thanchu.,.,i wana thank da one who did dis...
hahaha,,i've learn a lot..,,,?
the history is owkie but not all coz like the other comments dat i read is bad comments.
i like bcoz it helps me a lot 4 having easy research but i think gave some history again about rizal like the luvstory of rizal.....
hi! maganda ang iyo muhka.
hahahaha...................
that was great..i dont know kung ano talaga an gusto ni rizal..
tnx...for hlping me......hehhehe
its so different story
hehehehehehe
Good work! thank you sa mga kagaya mo. one thing sana meron din sa tagalog since most of the kids nagiging assignment nila ito in the form of tagalog .
Wow!
Amazing
kaloka, bakit kase kailangan pa pagaralan c rizal????????????? hindi siay karapat dapat maging national hero............... dapat c andres bonifacio!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ang haba nmn kakapagod magbasa
so very excilent partipation...of rizal....
4 me...there so many lot of things that need 2 develop in this short film...but i just want 2 give thanks to whom maked this film......co'z i have learned something more about rizal life......and i hope it serve as inpiration to us as a pilipino........thanks!!!
pwed na rin. khit papaano nkaka2long
gwapo daw ka.,.,mura ug gorila.,.,.
ok pud but kapoooooooooooooooyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy keu basa hehehehehe
it's nice thanks for the help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
dun sa mga ayaw kay rizal, d kau tunay na filipino!!!
idol mo si rizal?isali mo ung mge naging baba sa buhay niya diba 10 lahat yun?pwera nalang sa mga hindi naisulat.pero ang mahal niya si segunda katigbak..alam ko noh?me book ako gusto mong humiram?2 complete ur research...sabi kz nila nd daw complete ei..
ang hirap naman nito...ung subj na ito probleme q ngaun..grrrrrr
nice. makakatulong ito sa paper ko
ang tatanga nyo amn rizal lng di nyo pa maintindihan!!!!!!!!!!!mga bobo idiot!!!!!!!!
haba infareness
astig bro!!!!!! ang haba sobraaaaah..............
un ngang mga hindi nagco2ment dyan ng auz e............ will you plz stop.......! bcoz your such a Idiot,,,,,,,,, nemic............ pulubing walang makain sa pang-araw-araw na buhay....... mga hampaslupang nilalang........... palamuning PIG!!!!!!!!!!!
nice works=
magaling tlga c rizal bwaha
humm
kea lng..
gusto ko lng tlga malaman kung saan xa nang galing at ano gatas na ininom nya nung bata xa..
nice haaaaa.very nnnnice
hai nko...super long naman ang dpat kng pagaralan.life banaman n Dr. Jose Rizal.....hehehehhe
thanks for information about rizal,,,
tnx a lot for the info written b-coz i learned a lot at rizal's life and works.
hi...paki include ang mga romances ni Rizal, yung lahat ng babaeng dumaan sa kanya..jejejeje..nice kasi basahin...so nakakakilig eh...thanks.
so nice
this is a nice site! pls. also include rizal's composed poems!!!!!!!!!!!
ang galing mo nmn
GZTO KO LNG MLAMAN KNG 22o BANG BAKLA C RIZAL.....(^^,)
salamat project na ako .......
wla ba ung tunkol sa mga women of rizal
nice
nice
waaaaaaaaaaa
kamokha kami
hehehehe
kamokha kami ne dr. jose rizal
hehehehe
nice page! but improve your profile! its to lame
makanuson mn bga ni!
can u provide us with pictures of the rizal family????
thanks
love it
ewwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
hi tnX ZaH gumawa nG iNfo naH 2 it makes me haPpY.......
hai 2 da author of life and works of rizal --
it adds info. to my knowledge about rizal...
now i can share more about it, in our class ---
thanks !!
keep safe and GB !! ^^
same here,
_,jhumEstLy,_
owz???????/bad boy kaya c rizal....can u plz show ol d images of her romances???babaero c rizal,14 yrs old my lablyf na xa..char!lupet noh......hehe but nyc s2ry
mga putang ina nyo mga supot??????????????
dapat b tlgang twaging national hero c rizal????
Hi...thanks a lot, 4the author the life and work of rizal,iv learn more about of rizal life.
nid ko po ng mga achievements sa buhay ni rizal.. help me pls.. asap
show some of his philology
kung may roots ng chinese at japanese si rizal bakit hindi nila prinactice yung mga tradition ng mga ninuno nila ...hindi naman mukhang tsekwa si rizal..maniniwala ba tayo sa wikipedia online dictionary...eh kahit na sino puwedeng magclaim ng hindi totoo...wala bang conspiracy sa roots ni rizal..baka naman may mga nabayaran lang silang [mg nagki claim na may roots si rizal ng ibang lahi] mga biographer o writer...pagisipan natin ito
does all of his womans hav been sex with him? or can u tell some of them?
does all of his womans hav been sex with him? or can u tell some of them?
09276625208
its wonderful
im looking for the retraction letter that according to some rizal had been faked all his writings.. to the author of this encyclo why dont you add information aboutb the "retraction letter" it will help a lot...
ako bj gus2 mo
thank you for e
karapatdapat ka nga,talaga
hiiiiii..., salamat sa inyu ka c dahil d-2 makakagawa na ako ng research kuw sa english..., dahhil kailangan na kailangan kuw iyan... THANK U VERY MUCH!!!!!!!!!!!!
it so very nice.>>>>hahahaha its beautiful...>>...
nice cxa
sa mga works ni rizal was amazing, rizal has palabra de honor so its be a model.but in his love life cannot bewe all know naman cguro ang story diba?
watever major loozer............it helps me for my exam..........the life of rizal...........tnz...muaaaahh....
watever major loozer............it helps me for my exam..........the life of rizal...........tnz...muaaaahh....
ang gwapo talaga ni rizal jeje
whoo! makakagawa na ko ng project ko!
dami kong nakuha! thankz alat!
thanks for this site...
i like the pictures youve shown 2 us. i hope u inspire more estudents 2 love more our national hero, jose p. rizal. i am working hard just 2 bcome a youth dreamed by jose p. rizal. god bless.
i think rizal is a noble filipino!
ang haba!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Bakit pa kc kaylangan pag aralan yan dagdag pasanin pa tuloy yan hayzz... hirap ng buhay hehehe :D
bkt d nlng buhay ko pag aralan nyo hahaha...jowkzz...
Kaylangan pa bang pag-aralan ung buhay ni Rizal.. Emo c rizal
Dapat pa ba nating gayahin si Rizal... eh Babaero cya
Dapat ba siyang maging pambansang bayani... eh d naman cya purong pinoy..chinoy cya ah db..
Kaylangan pa bang pag-aralan ung buhay ni Rizal.. Emo c rizal
Dapat pa ba nating gayahin si Rizal... eh Babaero cya
Dapat ba siyang maging pambansang bayani... eh d naman cya purong pinoy..chinoy cya ah db..
ako si ? taga icca ang pangit ay maganda pala!! yun lang !!! haha!! korne ako!! nahuhurt lang kc talaga ako dihil sa nangyari kanina!! help me naman po!! sino ba dito si dr. love!! haaaaaaaaaay1234567890-
,,yeZZZzz mkkgawa n aq ng tERm pAper Q sa SOCSCI hehehe,,
Mkkpgpasa na aq kay maa'm OLEDAN,,,
yezzz
kakaiba talaga ang talino ni rizal idol!!!!!!!!!!!!
is rizal a gay?
is rizal a gay?
Ung chapter 18 hndi q mkita... Pano b hnapin... ass q un e
perfect!!!
idol nyu aku?.... hehehehe....
09103652890 nid gurls =) $êx
09103652890 nid gurls =) $êx
i love your reaction.........
i love your reaction.........
how i wish to be like him.......09099948483
Hello to my dear stupidas and stupidos...Don't you dare to post your non sense comment here. find sex outside this website. Thank you
wow....mga artista jud cla pwde mo enter?
....its so nice tlaga kc marami kang makukuhang info...,ipinapakita din dito ang pagiging nasyonalismo..
,,,,..
He's the man...
aus!!! medyo.....nakakabagot magbasa....pero the best ah!!!!
thanks 4 d info's. nid ko 'to sa homework ko.",)
tnx for this...
tnx for this...
yes!!!!now i can do my h.w.
yes!!!!now i can do my h.w.
can you add sum of the informations about the travels of Rizal. .bco'z the article yo've made is very short(about the travels of rizal), can you have sum more. .tnx
informative...
theres no id to study the life of rizal its no use when we find jobs its just a waste of time lol
theres no nid to study the life of rizal its no use when we find jobs its just a waste of time lol
watever.. basta maka pasa lang ko kay sir sa rizal ok na yan... kung my rizal day,, sana may gomburza day din..
tanong lang.. mag kano ba ang tution ni rizal nung siya'y nasa ateneo municipal noong panahon niya?.. wala kasing masyadong detail about that.. thanks.
talagang may lalaki din si rizal? hahaha gay ata xa eh....
BAKLA!
BAKLA!
salamat ho sa site na ito at naka gawa ang anak ko ng project niya..
sa wakas my project na ako!!!!
HARHAR!!!
WNU STUDENT
kung cno man ang mga bumabastos ky rizal mga walang galang kayo...
d nyo ba alam na dahil sa kanya nailigtas nya tayong mga pilipino...
ano nlanag kaya ang buhay mo pag wala sya d bihag ka parin sana ng mga kastila.. un naman sana ang pansinin nyo..
igalang nyo naman ang ating mga bayani...
ang masasabi ko lang sa artikulong ito tunay lamang na si jose p rizal ay isang mahusay at magaling na bayani..
Inspire Ako Kay Rizal.
Who knows some issues about who shlould be the national hero of the phil.?
sna mamulat ang mga plipino s pgkmatay ng ating pmbansang byani...s mga gnwang kbuthan ni dr.jose p. rizal...
I love the story of Dr.Jose Rizal
I love the story of Dr.Jose Rizal
it helps me a lot!!!!!!!keep up the good work guys....malau ang inyong maating...
I joined lots of history contests and nothing but Rizal's story led my tears fell as my trainor thought me every details of his life. Rizal should not be sentenced by death if his appeal were heared. The judges at that time in his trial was a definite uneducated to rule or to practice what justice really meant. How come rizal was favored.. Gov. Gen. Blanco who was kindhearted and congenial to Rizal was illegaly thown out from his position. All the people allowed inside the hearing court was spanish (with Josephine Bracken speechless).. of course! miLagro nang aayon yung mga yun!. And in his execution.. he never planned to escape.. and even asked to face the bullets. While Filipino soldiers were told to compose the squad and shoot Rizal or else they will be shot by the Spanish soldiers who were at there back. Til Rizal died at exactle 7:03 AM on Dec.30,1896..He faced the rising sun. Like our mesiah, Jesus Christ .. Rizal was killed of another mercy shot.. as Jesus was still hooked in his ribs. d tlga sila nakokontento..dinodouble dead pa! how gross their soul is.
nc it helpz me in my assignment
ha
thnx 4 d info^^
salamat again sa info.. hihihihi
tnx
more power
salamat again sa info.. hihihihi
tnx
more power
nakaka bilib c jose rizal jeje
thanks for the site ......................
thanks for the site ......................
love it!!!!!!!!
tnx poh!!!!!!!!
tnx for knowlegde!!!!!
it's nice !
even though i'm a british. if i am a filipino a must be proud ..
i love philippines ! :) ♥
we must be proud that we are filipino !
........... k i l i g a q o e w h''''''
it's good.,.
im so very proud that i'm a filipino like jose protacio mercado rizal alonso y realonso.,.,
I'M A FILIPINO.,. MABUHAY..,
i want to be the next big star..!
i'm proud to be filipino,lagunian at that
wew Ang Gulo ANnu!!? anu YAn ? ew Ang PAngit KAdyukadyukadyu kadyu kadyu akadyu kadyu kadyu kadyu kadyu kadyu kadyu kadyul
bravo!!!
bravo!!!
GoooooooOooOooOooOoOoOOooooD!!!
cutie girl
now i know more about of dr.jose Rizal..
thank you!!!
cutie girl
now i know more about of dr.jose Rizal..
thank you!!!
cutie girl
now i know more about of dr.jose Rizal..
thank you!!!
ngaun ko lang nabasa ang buong history ng life and works ni rizal and its very nice xe ang dami nyamg nagawa for the sake of our country
ngaun ko lang nabasa ang buong history ng life and works ni rizal and its very nice xe ang dami nyamg nagawa for the sake of our country
ngaun ko lang nabasa ang buong history ng life and works ni rizal and its very nice xe ang dami nyamg nagawa for the sake of our country
post nMn kau about different controverial issues tungkol kay rizal...
slmat may natutunan din aq khit papaano...
search nio nmn ung 3rd buk ni Rizal ung "makamisa"
nid k lng ng info tungkol dun...(",)
hehe nakatulong sa assignment ko sa civics sana post pa kayo ng contribution ni dr. rizal.
Need ko ng lovelife nya. need ng class for assignment.. wala ba jan?
korny naman
wala bang luv life c rizal jan? tsaka ung mga pics nung mga naging chikz nya? assignment ko kc eh... sayang!!!
im glad im part of a filipino culture
im glad im part of a filipino culture
..nice web but it must be specified clearly like the topic of first trip abroad so that it is easier 2 find...
nice and good
beautiful and inspiring...actually i want to do the same,but i cannot...he's one in a million...
beautiful and inspiring...actually i want to do the same,but i cannot...he's one in a million...
...Its so nice because you learned a lot...........................tnx,!
w rizal become a national hero?
huh it nice to see 2 see you!!!!JAJAJAJA
WHY WE ARE NOT CELEBRATING RIZAL DAY IN OUR SCHOOL?
i luv these ........very much it can help to my project
waw this site is amazing.,... try dis... yeah... you can see jose rizal live... amazingsss..... yeahhhh... with lady gagao
try it
waw this site is amazing.,... try dis... yeah... you can see jose rizal live... amazingsss..... yeahhhh... with lady gagao
try it
waw this site is amazing.,... try dis... yeah... you can see jose rizal live... amazingsss..... yeahhhh... with lady gagao
try it
jose rizal is a hero
so many info bout Dr.jose rizal
_ohhh... Rizal's great!! he saves our country by the hands of none-hearted spaniards by using his knowledge en love or the country.
wow jose protacio rizal was great
wow jose protacio rizal was great i love rizal
wow jose protacio rizal was super super great
that's amazing
DR JOSE P. RIZAL
THE BEZT HERO
GOGOGOGOGOGOGO
GOGOGOGOG
GOGOGOGOGGOGOGOGOG
DR JOSE P. RIZAL
THE BEZT HERO
GOGOGOGOGOGOGO
GOGOGOGOG
GOGOGOGOGGOGOGOGOG
good 4 my term papers 4 my finals weeeh tnx
good 4 my term papers 4 my finals weeeh tnx
good 4 my term papers 4 my finals weeeh tnx
hahahaha
hahahaha
panu gumawa ng sarili website about kay rizal?
how to make a website like this? about of rizal?
it helps me doing my assignment. ^-^
Wow!!!!
thank you for helping me.......
your my idol
IIIIIIIIII LOVE IT
harhar my assignment n meh!!!
hai di q makita ung "makamisa"..ggrrr...
marami pa d2ng mga infos
it helps me a lot doing my assignment thanks po talaga!
bonggalicious talaga si DR. JOSE RIZAL. .grabve. lovelots. .
very good
Nag buwis ng buhay upang maging malaya lamang ang ating lupang sinilangan. . .hangad kong ganito din sana tayo. . .salamat po aming minamahal na bayani na si Dr. Jose Rizal. . .
ang gling nea
wow ang ganda nakaka-inspire
"He's the man!"
itsw.., so.., very.., god.., ur,,, story..,
Thanks for the information. It was helpful.
wat a great person r u>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ur so ntelligent s der any other person that can also be like you>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>ur so brilliant
ang ganda thank u....dr.jose rizal
alexandra..
Nice.,, sana sads. My reactio na kau
wwwwwweeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
i really like rizal he is my idol since then,,,,,,he is a hero.....i really like reading his history,,try to imagine anong hirap ang dinanas niya para sa bansang pilipinas,,,,,,,,rizal forever
sana gayahin natin ang ginawa ni rizal sa bansa natin hindi yong naglolokohan tayo sa isat isa walang maidudulot na maganda ang mga iayn tularan natin xa para umunalnd din naman yong bansa natin para sa ikakaunlad ng bawat mamayang pilipino,,,gogogogog rizal di ka namin makakalimutan you are the best,,pagsiskapan kong tularan ang isang tulad mo your my inspiratiion,kiaya ako nagsusumikap ngayon dahil sa sal,udo ako sayo salamat rizal.........
alam ngo ang mga bayani ay d binabastos datapwat ginagalang
galing mo ' wow
love u rizal..
Naiiba talaga si Rizal sa lahat na naging bayani.His the only hero who fought the enemies using a pen and paper.
wala bang complete info sa life niya sa biñan??
galing talaga ni gat jose rizal i love u so much.sna nsa panahon nio ko nun pra nkita ko ung sacrifice mo....
fenafenasikisisikis olmus bu ya
sa?l?k cok önemlidir.
en flash güzel oyunlarburdahadi gel sende
I admire the heroic life of Dr. Jose P. Rizal. He is my no.1 role model.
tnx 4 the suggest
i like the historical of rizal .... because he gave his life to his people.. char2 lng ..... joke;
i like and i love the historical of jose rizal...: because its gave as a good ex, to the people of the phils.... tnx 2 eb1.....mwah!!!
,mga guinx ,practical na ta krn...
,hehehe...
^^,
,yeah that's right , we are practical this time...
hehhe i think no more HERO will appear today...
hehehe heros today are only in DOTA ALL STAR..
hehe...happy reading everyone...
^^,
nice story it takes a long time before you can finesh
nice story it takes a long time before you can finesh
sana mabigay nyo ang kaukulang detalye sa pag una at panghuling travel ni JOSE RIZAL at kung anu ang kanyang ginawa doon..yun lang po at maraming salamat..
gling nia gwaveh!!!
meron b kaung memories ni rizal proj.lng mga friends. . in manila. . tnx
guyz, marunong ba kayong gumawa ng tula about sa life ni jose rizal?
help me naman guyz!!
It so nice to know that their are some people to intersted to know what Rizal made to our country....Because of him we enjoy the freedom to express our feelings.ang enlightened our mind to democracy!>>>
ooo bu konu tam benlik bunun ayn?s? birde film izlerken görmü?tüm adam kad?nla fena siki?iyordu. Ben sand?m oyun oynayacaklar. Ayn?s? bir de özderede görmü?tüm. orda bi adam sa?l?k bilgileri veriyordu. O adama sordum izmirde satilik dükkan varm? diye. ama yokmu? :) Onada dedim ki bo? bo? oturma git film seyretfilm seyrederken onaMusallat olan biri gelmi?.Sonra onuaramak içinhayat?n en h?zl? oldu?u yerlere gitmi?.ve oralarda special life aram??. ve istedi?ini bulmu? onun istedi?igüzel hayatm?? :)
very inspiring.....love it!
galing talaga ni rizal...
what a hero
some would just used this socialnetwork para maghanap txtm8..galang nyo naman Dr. Rizal...
guapo ni rizal..mukha ko.
nakakainis hindi mahanapan ang scripted life of jose rizal
HINDI po totoong anak si Hitler....
BAKLA BA SI RIZAL?
i'm not kidding...
it's just our topic in HIST107.
plz if you know some article about this,
email me @ harry_jesussaveme@yahoo.com
thanks.
It amazing story. we have no book about Rizal so that I am going net to research.I got many from him. gooood luck!
rizal is so brilliant only during their times
when only few of the filipinos were educated
if another "Rizal" will be born on this period of time,
maybe he will not be recognize!!!
may kasabihan nga na "GWAPO KA NUNG HINDI PA USO ANG TAO"!!!!!
LOL
if only rizal is still alive,
HEY there!!!tahe this
. . . . . . . . /¯/)
. . . . . . . ./¯ ./
. . . . . . . /. . /
. . . . /¯`/'. .'/¯¯/
. . . /'/. /. . /. . /. /¯\
. . .('(. . . . . .¯/'. .').\
. . . \. . . . . . . . .'./
. . . . \'............../
wow,,,,,,,,,,,, it really helps me in my research
life of rizal is very memorable to pilipino people
love it
what ever his our hero
taasa pud ani oi kafoi kay og sulat
hihihihihihihihi
So many information about rizal
agi si rizal
lazir
lazir
alam o ang mga pilipino ay matapang sana hindi dapat mamatay siya dahil iligtas tayo......
- ALYSSA VILORIA
To our country, to hte Philippines we safety our life and country to the Philippines......
naguni' ta achalon tauh paylang kumah ni in-inat rizal...? mayat met ktd inat na peman ngem chan ihna pay hija.!.. adaday hija wot ha'a....
HAGIYO...!!!
what are the inner personality of Dr. Jose Rizal
ow yaessssssss
yong nasa london si rizal ???
good job :)
ahhh
salamat my project na me!
HHHHHHHNDI KO ALAM
we should respect our heroes for they are the reason, why we experience having an independence.
Let us idolize them and follow thy steps, love your country! and fight for the truth! God Bless!
thanks for this valuable information.
thank you for posting this story about Rizal's life.
hhhmmmmmmmmmmpcharrrrr2x pd oiep tnx to our national hero
uncle rizal is really brilliant and he is absolutely worthy being called a hero.
,,it is very touching to know and to learn
...maganda cguro... kc d q pa maxado nabasa
..nice
....thankz a million of times ikaw ang susi ng kalayaan,,,,,u deserve to be a hero......
Dr.Rizal DESERVE TO BE A HERO
Dr.Rizal DESERVE TO BE A HERO
ka taas sab ani
igitz
jose rizal wast the natoinal hero
he desevres a respect and honor.
by the way "annyong haseyo"
I love Jose Rizal and i idolizes him .
nakalulungkot isipin na marami sa mga kabataan natin ang hindi interesado sa buhay ni RIZAL.PAANO PA KAYA SA PAGLAWIG NG PANAHON.BASE SA MGA NABASA KONG MGA KOMENTO MARAMI SA KANILA AY NAGIGING "BASTOS".SANA MARAMI PA RING MGA KABATAAN NA MAGING INTERESADO AT GAWING MAGANDANG EHEMPLO SI RIZAL SA BUHAY NILA.
i like it ang daming nagawa ng ating national hero ang daming pinagaralan atsaka ang daming na
rating
super like .... now i know why dr.jose rizal is our national hero ... dati kc ndi ko magets,hehehe... sana marami pang kabataan ang maging interesado sa buhya ni rizal at sa mga naisulat nya.... thanks poh
Thanks po !!
i love it
Galing naman.... panu 2 nagawa.... I love it..... thanks 4 this 2 do my homework...........................................
it helps a lot to me. tnx anyway,
hay naku iisa lng nman yan eh c rizal bayani!!!
at xa aynaza pizo!!!
ok well itz nice to see our beloved pugot ulo there dr.jose pizo rizal!!!:)
watta comment joylin..tsk
hope 2 have a summary of this,
. . .I like d story of Dr. Jose Rizal. pro wlang gs2ng mg join sa report q tungkol d2.
ang galing talaga ni jose rizal!!! :)
nice
sana summary nalang mahaba kasi story o jose rizal
yes may assignment na ko ang dami kong natutunan yehey galing talaga ni dr rizal like it:)
yes may assignment na ko i like it sna marami pang idagdag dito :)
:);):p
reporting namin si jose :D
my report is ok...
OKEY SIYA HAHAHA
ang ganda ng buhay ni DR.jose rizal
sna mging huwaran xia ng mga kabataan ngaun??
slamat s gumawa ng website n 2 ???
ang ganda ng buhay ni DR.jose rizal
sna mging huwaran xia ng mga kabataan ngaun??
slamat s gumawa ng website n 2 ???
nice story of rizal... yehey! may preparation na aq. thanks! and MORE POWER!
i like what he did to us and i'm proud of him. and that's all thank you.
nakakabilib tlaga si rizal.........its so inspiring
it was verry nice marame akong na tutunan how he achive his goal but anyway tnx for the info
i really love about the story of Pepe,its so amaziNg.
Pwd Penge ng mga Illustrados yung mga friends ni Rizal?
oo nga ganda ng buhay ni rizal sana tularan sya ng mga bata.......
at maging kagaya niya isa syang huwaran at henyo.(:
Rizal,really deserve to be our national hero.There are lots of information that I have learn in the subject of Rizal
astig pla ang buhay niya.......napahanga niya q ah.
nice 1
,madami ako natutunan kya lang nah kakaiyak dapat hndi nah lang pinatay si Dr. Jose P. Rizal...............
thanx dito!!nagawa koh sah wakas ang aking research paper about sah life ng ating national hero:-)
ampogi ni rizal?????????//////??????>>>>..................................................................................,fmislegvbfuts,vgrofuvhbesruyfvugfvebt4rfveuwfvdou
vow..talaga ako sa mga pilipino na d nkalimut kai rRizal.......of course we should love our country and appreciate to our freedom bec. of our beloved gero...
woW .. hehe
im so thankful to our national hero dahil marami akong natutunan..
ang ganda talaga ng kwento ng buhay ni Dr.jose rizal,,,
sana ako rin magkaroon ng ganiang buhay hahaha,, joke lang un
my isasagot na aq sa exam q., tnx. . .
Rizal deserves to be a hero..,
ANG GANDA NG HISTORY NI DR. JOSE RIZAL SANA MAGAYA TO NG IBANG TAO ...OF COURSE WE SHOULD LOVE OUR HERO,AND OUR COUNTRY....
iya wha pu ung vir
tues eh
Rizal is dangerous to your
HeaLTH
RIZAL IS A HERO LIKE A SAN-GUKO OF DRAGONBALL Z-KAY.THE NATIONAL HERO OF THE PLANET NAMIC.
kung walang patay walang kapet tinapay,.
lo koh toh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
wow..hindi q tnapos!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!first stnza pa lang..!!!!!!!!!!!alam kong ang haba ng talambuhay ni RIZAl
kahalaba man ui,, wrai mas hilipot..
kaguol pag bnasa.. wahahaha :)
WATEVER
ang haba nman ng storya.. pro khit isa wla akong naintindihan.. hahaha
,,nice story,,hahaha;)
its so interestisting jose rizal deserves to be a hero
ang haba, ang sipag naman ni ate gumawa niyan.. ikaw na the best ka..
lols !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
GRAbe kwento ah..?? SOBRAng HABA..hahahah!!!
love it!!!!!!!!!
your a good model Dr. Jose RIZAL
I salute you doc.
GRAVEHHHH..... BONGGANG-BONGGA...... LOVE IT
I SALUTE YOU DOC.
OUR HERO
ganito pla ang life ni rizal
may summary?
I LOve It VEry Much :))
ang galing! salamat!
sna mron dinq pumalet sau
since i was a high school rizal was one of my favorite national hero
ok..i need more knowledge about life of rizal..thats it..god bless you all.. love u rizal..mwah3x...hahahahaha
pa send nman ng power point about rizal's retraction., tnx tnx.,
nice 1 #1 ka talaga samin Jose Rizal
niceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,,,,
ANG HABA NAMAN NG KAKABISADUHIN KO EH BUKAS NA UN.........OK LNG SURE NAMAN AQ MARAMING HUMAHANGA SAU
ANG GALING HANGA NA TALAGA AKO KAY RIZAL!!!!NAGAWA NYA TALAGA YUN PARA SATEN .WOW
hahai anu ba kayo may ang rizal ginagalang kayo puro nalang bubu ang nilagay niyo .... hehehe pero sa ganun need ako nag txtm8 ito 09067552658
May Nakilala Po ba Si Rizal Nah Chinese Girl????
ganda tlaga yan
sana may tipong rizal pa sa ngaun?
hahahayss!
I would like to see and read more about Jose P. Rizal.I like reading that old history of Dr.Jose P. Rizal.My favorite part was that I learned alot from the historys.So contiune to put old historys.By the way I am 8 years old.Thanks.
I really love the story of Jose Rizal,super Historical...kaya lang hindi ko love ang ibang comments kasi ang iba masyadong bastos at parang hindi nila nagugustuhan ang life ni rizal....pero meron ding ibang comments na interested sa life ni rizal..ka2lad ni Marilou...I Love her COMMENT....thank u
rizal is not gay, he may be look like gay because he has an unproportion shoulder thats why palagi syang nka americana.
![A Short History of American Panics, Recessions, Depressions: Why Conservative Economics Can't Work (5-13-2012) [32*29]](http://s1.hubimg.com/u/4319908_50.jpg "A Short History of American Panics, Recessions, Depressions: Why Conservative Economics Can't Work (5-13-2012) [32*29]")
ace cadag 4 years ago
anG gLiNg & sO mAnY iNfO To knOw....